Voice হলো verb-à¦à¦° গঠন যার দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ subject নিজে কিছৠকরে বা অনà§à¦¯à§‡à¦° কাজ তার উপর à¦à¦¸à§‡ পড়ে তাকে বà§à¦à¦¾à§Ÿà¥¤
Types of voice:
Voice দৠপà§à¦°à¦•à¦¾à¦° যথা:
- Active Voice(কতৃবাচà§à¦¯)
- Passive Voice(করà§à¦®à¦¬à¦¾à¦šà§à¦¯)
- Active Voice: যে বাকà§à¦¯à§‡ করà§à¦¤à¦¾ পà§à¦°à¦§à¦¾à¦¨ থাকে তাকে Active Voice বলে।
⇒ I do the work (আমি কাজ টি করি).
- Passive Voice: যে বাকà§à¦¯à§‡ করà§à¦® পà§à¦°à¦§à¦¾à¦¨ থাকে তাকে Passive Voice বলে।
⇒ The work is done by me (কাজটি আমার দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ করা হয়).
| Subjective Case |
Objective Case |
| I |
me |
| we |
us |
| you |
you |
| she |
her |
| he |
him |
| they |
them |
| it |
it |
Object চিনিবার উপায়:
- সাধারণত মূল verb à¦à¦° পর object থাকে।
⇒ The boys are playing football.
v obj
- অনেক সময় active voice ঠদà§à¦‡à¦Ÿà¦¿ object থাকে। সে কà§à¦·à§‡à¦à§‡ উকà§à¦¤ active voice কে passive voice ঠরূপানà§à¦¤à¦° করার সময় পà§à¦°à¦¥à¦® object টি অরà§à¦¥à¦¾à§Ž বà§à¦¯à¦•à§à¦¤à¦¿à¦¬à¦¾à¦šà¦• object টিকে subject করাই শà§à¦°à§‡à§Ÿà¥¤
⇒ The principal teaches us English.
v obj obj
- অনেক সময় active voice ঠদà§à¦Ÿà¦¿ object à¦à¦° মধà§à¦¯à§‡ যে কোন à¦à¦•à¦Ÿà¦¿à¦° পূরà§à¦¬à§‡ preposition থাকে সেটিকে object না ধরে অনà§à¦¯ তাকে object ধরা হয়।
⇒ He did for me the unnecessary things.
Change of Voice(বাচà§à¦¯ পরিবরà§à¦¤à¦¨):
| a). Tense অনà§à¦¯à¦¾à§Ÿà§€: |
| Tense |
Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
| Present Indefinite |
They play football. |
Obj+am/is/are+v3+by+sub
⇒ Football is played by them.
|
| Present Continuous |
We are digging a canal. |
Obj+am/is/are+being +v3+by+sub
⇒ A canal is being dug by us.
|
| Present Perfect |
He has done the work. |
Obj+have/has+been+v3+by+sub
⇒The work has been done by him.
|
| Past Indefinite |
He killed a bird. |
Obj+was/were+v3+by+sub
⇒A bird was killed by him.
|
| Past Continuous |
They were flying kites. |
Obj+was/were+being+v3+by+sub
⇒Kites were being flown by them.
|
| Past Perfect |
I had written the letter. |
Obj+had+been+v3+by+sub
⇒The letter had been written by me.
|
| Future Indefinite |
She will help me. |
Obj+will/shall+be+v3+by+sub⇒I will be helped by her. |
| Future Continuous |
We shall be taking tea. |
Obj+will/shall+being+v3+by+sub
⇒Tea will be being taken by us.
|
| Future Perfect |
Monju will have done the work by 2 p.m. |
Obj+will/shall+have been +v3+sub+ext
⇒ The work will have been done by monju by 2 p.m.
|
| b). Modal Verb অনà§à¦¯à¦¾à§Ÿà§€: |
May, might, can, could, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to ইতà§à¦¯à¦¾à¦¦à¦¿ যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ Active voice কে passive voice ঠপরিবরà§à¦¤à¦¨ করার সময় ইহাদরে পরে be বসে à¦à¦¬à¦‚ তার পরেই মূল verbটির past participle বসে।
Active: I may help you.
Passive: You may be helped by me.
Active: We ought to obey our parents.
Passive: Our parents ought to be obeyed by us.
Active: We must do the work.
Passive: The work must be done by us.
| c). Sentence অনà§à¦¯à¦¾à§Ÿà§€: |
- শà§à¦§à§à¦®à¦¾à¦¤à§à¦° মূল verb দিয়ে active voice কে passive voice ঠরূপানà§à¦¤à¦° করার নিয়ম।
| Structure: Let+obj টিকে sub করতে হবে+be+v3 |
Active: Shut the door.
Passive: Let the door be shut.
Active: Write the letter without any delay.
Passive: Let the letter be written without any delay.
- Do not দিয়ে শà§à¦°à§ Imperative sentence à¦à¦° active voice কে passive voice করার নিয়াম।
| Structure: Let not + obj টিকে sub করতে হবে + be+ v3 |
Active: Do not hate the poor.
Passive: Let not the poor be hated.
Active: Do not play football at noon.
Passive: Let not football be played at noon.
- Auxiliary verb দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ শà§à¦°à§ sentence কে active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম।
| Structure: auxi. verb+ obj কে sub + v3+ sub কে obj +? |
Active: Have you eaten rice?
Passive: Has rice been eaten by you?
- Who যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ interrogative sentence à¦à¦° active voice কে passive voice করার নিয়ম।
| By whom + auxi.verb+ obj কে sub+tense অনà§à¦¯à¦¾à§Ÿà§€ be/being/been+v3+? |
Active: Who is calling me?
Passive: By whom am i being called?
- Whom যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ interrogative sentence à¦à¦° active voice কে passive voice করার নিয়ম।
| Who+auxi.verb+v3+ by+sub কে obj +? |
Active: Whom did you see on the road?
Passive: Who was seen by you on the road?
- What যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ interrogative sentence à¦à¦° active voice কে passive voice করার নিয়ম।
| What+auxi.verb+v3+by+sub কে obj +? |
Active: What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?
