গঠন আনà§à¦¸à¦¾à¦°à§‡ sentence কে ৩ à¦à¦¾à¦—ে à¦à¦¾à¦— করা যায়। যথাঃ
1.Simple Sentence(সরল বাকà§à¦¯)
- Complex Sentence(জটিল বাকà§à¦¯)
- Compound Sentence(যৌগিক বাকà§à¦¯)
1.Simple Sentence(সরল বাকà§à¦¯):যে বাকà§à¦¯à§‡ à¦à¦•à¦Ÿà¦¿ মাতà§à¦° subject ও Finite verb থাকে তাকে Simple Sentence বলে।
Example: The sun rises in the east.
- Complex Sentence(জটিল বাকà§à¦¯): যে বাকà§à¦¯à§‡ à¦à¦•à¦Ÿà¦¿ পà§à¦°à¦§à¦¾à¦¨ বাকà§à¦¯ ও à¦à¦• বা à¦à¦•à¦¾à¦§à¦¿à¦• আশà§à¦°à¦¿à¦¤ বাকà§à¦¯ পরসà§à¦ªà¦° সাপেকà§à¦· à¦à¦¾à¦¬à§‡ বà§à¦¯à¦¬à¦¹à§ƒà¦¤ হয় তাকে Complex Sentence বলে।
Example: We eat food so that we can alive.
- Compound Sentence(যৌগিক বাকà§à¦¯): পরসà§à¦ªà¦° নিরপেকà§à¦· দà§à¦‡ বা ততোধিক সরল বাকà§à¦¯ বা মিশà§à¦° বাকà§à¦¯ Conjunction দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ à¦à¦•à¦Ÿà¦¿ সমà§à¦ªà§‚রà§à¦£ বাকà§à¦¯ গঠন করে তাকে Compound Sentence বলে।
Example: Do or die.
- From Simple Sentence to Complex Sentence
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Rule-1.
Simple sentence -ঠযদি present participle বা verb à¦à¦° সাথে ing যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ শবà§à¦¦ থাকে, সেকà§à¦·à§‡à¦à§‡ present participle à¦à¦° বাকি অংশটি যে tense থাকে, present participle à¦à¦° অংশকে ও সেই à¦à¦•à¦‡ tense ঠগঠন করতে হয় à¦à¦•à¦‡ subject দিয়ে।
Structure: When/since/as + subject + ing যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ verb à¦à¦° মূল form + obj.
Simple: Reaching home, I found my mother ill.
Complex: When I reached home, I found my mother ill.
Rule-2.
In Spite of/despite যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ Simple sentence কে complex করতে হলে।
Structure: In spite of/despite à¦à¦° পরিবরà§à¦¤à§‡ Though/although + Subject+ verb+noun/adjective+comma + extension.
Simple: In spite of his poverty, he is honest.
Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
Rule-3.
Because of, owing to, due to, on account of/for যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ simple sentence কে complex করার নিয়ম
Structure: Since/as + Subject + verb + adjective/noun + comma +extension.
Simple: Because of his honesty, he was rewarded.
Complex: As he was honest, he was rewarded.
Rule-4.
Simple sentence à¦à¦° গঠন subject + verb + object + present participle-ঠরকম থাকলে
Structure: Subject + verb + object + relative pronoun + to be verb + present participle সহ বাকি।
Simple: I saw a bird flying in the sky.
Complex: I saw a bird which was flying in the sky.
Rule-5.
Too...To দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ sentence কে so….that দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ complex করা হয়।
Simple: Samin is too intelligent to get GPA 5.
Complex: Samin is so intelligent that he can get GPA 5.
Rule-6.
Infinitive দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ simple sentence কে so that দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ complex করা হয়।
Simple: Jhon reads attentively to do good result.
Complex: Jhon reads attentively so that he can do good result.
2. From Compound to Complex |
Rule-1.
And যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ Compound Sentence-à¦à¦° à¦à¦•à¦Ÿà¦¿ Clause যদি অপরটির কারন বা সময় নিরà§à¦¦à§‡à¦¶ করে, তবে উকà§à¦¤ Compound Sentence টিকে Complex করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Since/as/when + 1st sentence + and পরিবরà§à¦¤à§‡ (,) + 2nd sentence.
Compound: He came to me and I felt tired.
Complex: When he came to me, I felt tired.
Rule-2.
But যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ Compound Sentence কে Complex করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Although/though + 1st sentence + but à¦à¦° পরিবরà§à¦¤à§‡ (,) + বাকি sentence.
Compound: The boy tried hard but could not win the match.
Complex: Though the boy tried hard hard, he could not win the match.
Rule-3.
Or যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ Compound Sentence কে Complex করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: If + Sub + do not + 1st Clause + or à¦à¦° পরিবরà§à¦¤à§‡ (,) + sub + will + or à¦à¦° পরবরà§à¦¤à§€ অংশ।
Compound: Do or die.
Complex: If you do not do, you will die.
Rule-4.
And দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ cause and effect নিরà§à¦¦à§‡à¦¶à¦• compound sentence কে so…. that দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ complex sentence করা হয়।
Compound: Farhan works very hard and he can shine in life.
Complex: Farhan works so hard that he can shine in life.
Rule-5.
And দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ উদà§à¦¦à§‡à¦¶à¦®à§à¦²à¦• compound sentence কে so that দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ complex sentence করা হয় ।
Compound: We take balance diet and we can keep good health.
Complex: We take balance diet so that we can keep good health.
3. From Simple to Compound |
Rule-1.
Present Participle যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ Simple sentence কে compound করার কà§à¦·à§‡à¦à§‡ -
Structure: 1st sub + main verb + কমার পূরà§à¦¬ পরà§à¦¯à¦¨à§à¦¤ + (,) à¦à¦° সà§à¦¥à¦²à§‡ and + sub à¦à¦° পরের অংশ।
Simple: Fishing the work, we went to the playground.
Compound: We finished the work and went to the playground.
Rule-2.
Being যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ simple sentence কে compound করার কà§à¦·à§‡à¦à§‡
Structure: Sub + Beingà¦à¦° বাকি অংশ যে tense à¦à¦° থাকে সেই tense ও person অনà§à¦¯à¦¾à§Ÿà§€ to be verb বসে + being à¦à¦° পরের অংশ + কমা উঠে and + sub বাদে à¦à¦° পরের অংশ।
Simple: Being father, he can not neglect his son.
Compound: He is father and can not neglect his son.
Rule-3.
Having যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ বা perfect participle যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ simple sentence কে compound sentence ঠপরিবরà§à¦¤à¦¨ করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Sub + Tense অনà§à¦¯à¦¾à§Ÿà§€ verb ‘to have’ + কমার পূরà§à¦¬ পরà§à¦¯à¦¨à§à¦¤ + and + sub à¦à¦° পরের অংশ ।
Simple: Having written the letter, I posted it.
Compound: I had written the letter and it.
Rule-4.
In spite of/Despite যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ simple sentence কে but দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ compound করতে হয়।
Simple: In spite of his dishonesty, he was reworded.
Compound: He was dishonest but reworded.
Rule-5.
Without + Gerund যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ Simple Sentence যদি শরà§à¦¤ বà§à¦à¦¾à¦‡, তবে ‘or’ যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ করে compound করতে হয়।
Structure: Without উঠে গিয়ে ing যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ verb à¦à¦° present form বসবে + কমা à¦à¦° সà§à¦¥à¦²à§‡ or + কমা à¦à¦° পরের অংশ।
Simple: Without going, you will die.
Compound: Go or you will die.
Rule-6.
By Gerund যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ simple sentence কে and যোগ করে compound করতে হয়।
Structure: By উঠে গিয়ে ing যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ verb à¦à¦° present form বসবে + কমার পূরà§à¦¬ পরà§à¦¯à¦¨à§à¦¤ + কমা সà§à¦¥à¦²à§‡ and + কমার পরের অংশ।
Simple: By wasting your time, you can spoil your life.
Compound: Waste your time and you can spoil your life.
Rule-7.
Too….to যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ Simple Sentence Compound করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Sub + ‘to be’ verb + too à¦à¦° পরিবরà§à¦¤à§‡ very + Adjective + and + can not/could not + to বাদে পরের অংশ।
Simple: He is too dull to understand it.
Compound: He is very dull and can not understand it.
4. From Complex to Compound |
Rule-1.
Since, as, when ইতà§à¦¯à¦¾à¦¦à¦¿ conjunction যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ Complex sentence কে Compound sentence ঠপরিবরà§à¦¤à¦¨ করার সময় since/as/when তà§à¦²à§‡ দিতে হয় à¦à¦¬à¦‚ à¦à¦° পর complex sentence কমা তà§à¦²à§‡ দিয়া সেখানে and বসালেই compound sentence হয়ে যায়।
Complex: When i went there, I found him.
Compound: I went there and found him.
Rule-2.
Though/although যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ Complex sentence কে Compound sentence পরিবরà§à¦¤à¦¨ করতে হলে though/ although তà§à¦²à§‡ দিতে হয় à¦à¦¬à¦‚ à¦à¦° পরে কমা তà§à¦²à§‡ দিয়ে সেখানে but বসাতে হয়।
Complex: Although it rained heavily, he went out without an umbrella.
Compound: It rained heavily but he went out without an umbrella.
Rule-3.
Complex sentence যদি If দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ শà§à¦°à§ হয় à¦à¦¬à¦‚ if যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ Clause ঠযদি not থাকে, তবে compound sentence ঠপরিবরà§à¦¤à¦¨ করতে হলে if থেকে not পরà§à¦¯à¦¨à§à¦¤ অংশ তà§à¦²à§‡ দিতে হবে à¦à¦¬à¦‚ à¦à¦° পর কমা তà§à¦²à§‡ দিয়া সেই সà§à¦¥à¦¾à¦¨à§‡ ‘or’ বসালেই compound sentence হবে।
Complex: If you do not read, you will fail.
Compound: Read or you will fail.
5. From Complex to Simple |
Rule-1.
Since/when/as যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ complex sentence à¦à¦° দà§à¦Ÿà¦¿ Clause à¦à¦° subject à¦à¦° হলে à¦à¦¬à¦‚ দà§à¦Ÿà¦¿ Clause ঠprincipal verb থাকলে নিচের নিয়ম করতে হবে।
Structure: Since/when/as à¦à¦° পà§à¦°à¦¥à¦® subject তà§à¦²à§‡ দিয়ে main verb ing form করতে হবে + কমা সহ বাকি অংশ।
Complex: When i went there, I found him absent.
Simple: Going there, I found him absent.
Rule-2.
Since/as যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ complex sentence যদি কারন বà§à¦à¦¾à¦‡, তাহলে Because of, Due to, Owing to, On account of ইতà§à¦¯à¦¾à¦¦à¦¿ দিয়ে করতে হয়।
Structure: Because of/ Due to/ Owing to/ On account of + verb + ing অথবা fog/rough weather/cold + Extension.
Complex: Since there was fog, he could not go out.
Simple: Due to fog, he could not go out.
Rule-3.
If যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ শরà§à¦¤à¦®à§‚লক Negative complex sentence কে simple sentence করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: If থেকে not পরà§à¦¯à¦¨à§à¦¤ তà§à¦²à§‡ দিয়ে without বসাতে হবে + verb + ing + কমা সহ বাকি অংশ ।
Complex: If you do not come, you will not get the pen.
Simple: Without coming, you will not get the pen.
Rule-4.
If যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ Negative Complex Sentence à¦à¦° দà§à¦Ÿà¦¿ Clause à¦à¦° subject à¦à¦¿à¦¨à§à¦¨ হলে নিমà§à¦¨à¦°à§à¦ª হবে।
Structure: If à¦à¦° সà§à¦¥à¦²à§‡ without + subject à¦à¦° possessive form বসে + Auxiliary verb ও not উঠে যায় + main verb + ing + Extension.
Complex: If he does not stay at office, I shall not meet him.
Simple: Without his staying at office, I shall not meet him.
Rule-5.
‘So that’ যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ Complex sentence কে simple করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: So that থেকে principal verb à¦à¦° পূরà§à¦¬ পরà§à¦¯à¦¨à§à¦¤ উঠে গিয়ে সে সà§à¦¥à¦²à§‡ to বসে + বাকি অংশ বসে।
Complex: People work hard so that they may shine in life.
Simple: People work hard to shine in life.
Rule-6.
‘So …. that’ যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ complex sentence কে simple sentence ঠপরিবরà§à¦¤à¦¨ করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Sub + verb + so à¦à¦° সà§à¦¥à¦²à§‡ too + adjective/adverb + that থেকে not পরà§à¦¯à¦¨à§à¦¤ উঠে যায় + to + Extension.
Complex: They are so nice that they can not be used just at present.
Simple: They are too nice to be used just at present.
Rule-7.Though/Although যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ Complex sentence কে Simple sentence করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Although/though-à¦à¦° সà§à¦¥à¦²à§‡ In spite of/ Despite বসে + Subject à¦à¦° possessive form + being/having + extension.
Complex: Though he was dishonest, he was set free.
Simple: In spite of his being dishonest, he was set free.
Rule-8.
Complex Sentence ঠRelative pronoun টি যদি subject কে নিরà§à¦¦à§‡à¦¶ করে সেকà§à¦·à§‡à¦¤à§à¦°à§‡ simple sentence-ঠপরিবরà§à¦¤à¦¨à§‡à¦° সময় উকà§à¦¤ relative pronoun à¦à¦¬à¦‚ তৎপরবরà§à¦¤à§€ verb উঠে যায়।à¦à¦¬à¦‚ relative pronoun à¦à¦° পরের adjective-টি subject à¦à¦° পূরà§à¦¬à§‡ বসে ।
Complex: The man who is drowning cateachs at a straw.
Simple: A drowning man catches at a straw.
Rule-1.
And দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ compound sentence-à¦à¦° and à¦à¦° উà¦à§Ÿ অংশের subject যদি à¦à¦• হয়, তবে à¦à¦•à§‡ simple sentence ঠপরিবরà§à¦¤à¦¨à§‡à¦° নিয়মঃ
Compound: He finished the work and return home.
Simple: Finishing the work, he returned home.
Rule-2.
And যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ compound sentence à¦à¦° উà¦à§Ÿ অংশের subject যদি à¦à¦•à¦‡ হয় à¦à¦¬à¦‚ পà§à¦°à¦¥à¦® অংশের sentence টি যদি কারন নিরà§à¦¦à§‡à¦¶ করে, সেকà§à¦·à§‡à¦¤à§à¦°à§‡ নিচের নিয়মে simple করতে হবে।
Structure: Because of/ Due to/ Owing to/ on account of + 1st sentence à¦à¦° subject à¦à¦° possessive form + main verb + ing/ being/having + but à¦à¦° পূরà§à¦¬ পরà§à¦¯à¦¨à§à¦¤ + কমা + sub + verb + extension.
Compound: I was ill and I could not attend the meeting.
Simple: Because of my being ill, I could not attend the meeting.
Rule-3.
But যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ compound sentence ঠযদি but à¦à¦° পরে subject ও verb না থাকে তবে, simple sentence পরিবরà§à¦¤à¦¨ করতে হলে নিচের নিয়মঃ
Structure: In spite of / Despite + Subject à¦à¦° possessive form + main verb + ing + being/having + but à¦à¦° পূরà§à¦¬ পরà§à¦¯à¦¨à§à¦¤ + কমা + subject + verb + extension.
Compound: He is poor but honest.
Simple: In spite of his being, he is poor.
Rule-4.
‘Or’ যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ compound sentence কে simple sentence ঠপরিবরà§à¦¤à¦¨ করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Without + 1st main verb + ing + verb à¦à¦° পরের অংশ + কমা + বাকি অংশ।
Compound: Move or will die.
Simple: Without moving, you will die.
Rule-5.
Not only …. but also যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ compound sentence কে simple করার নিয়মঃ
Structure: Besides + not only যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ বà§à¦¯à¦•à§‡à¦° মূল verb à¦à¦° সাথে ing + not only উঠে যাবে + but also à¦à¦° পূরà§à¦¬ পরà§à¦¯à¦¨à§à¦¤ + (,) + মূল subject + but also অংশে verb না থাকলে পà§à¦°à¦¥à¦® অংশের verb + but à¦à¦° পরের অংশ।
Compound: Our teachers not only teach us but also guide us.
Simple: Besides teaching us, our teacher guide us.
Rule-6.
And দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ সময় নিরà§à¦¦à§‡à¦¶à¦• Compound sentence -কে In, On, At ইতà§à¦¯à¦¾à¦¦à¦¿ time word দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ simple sentence করা হয়।
Compound: It was raining and Siam came to me.
Simple: At the time of raining Siam came to me.
Rule-7.
‘And দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ যà§à¦•à§à¦¤ উদà§à¦¦à§‡à¦¶à§à¦¯à¦®à§à¦²à¦• compound sentence কে Infinitive দà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦°à¦¾ simple sentence করা হয়।
Compound: He reads attentively and she can do good result.
Simple: He reads attentively to do good result.